Measuring Effective Teaching: A Potential for Change

From this perspective, it doesn’t seem like a particularly powerful lever for supporting teaching and learning.

Yet we know that existing teacher evaluation and feedback systems are not capturing large differences among teachers that can have crucial consequences for their students.

To appreciate the potential for change, you can look at the most recent findings from the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project . The most extensive study of its kind, MET is a research collaboration that analyzes data from nearly 3,000 U.S. public school teachers’ classrooms.

Among the findings released last year, MET reported that students with top-quartile teachers learn far more than their peers with bottom-quartile teachers. Preliminary results estimated that in a single school year effective teaching practices can add “months” of learning — as much as 7½ additional months in math and over a year of additional learning in writing.

In the second wave of findings, released in January 2012, MET examines classroom practice through the lens of several nationally recognized teaching observation instruments.

MET partners, along with education services firms Teachscape and Educational Testing Service (ETS), designed a rater training and certification system that produced highly reliable scores. MET’s findings suggest that the classroom practices of the majority of teachers, as many as 85 percent, are remarkably similar.

That is, most teachers employ a mix of strategies that are described by the observation instruments as either “basic” or “proficient”. The remaining 15 percent are roughly split into those whose practices are described as “accomplished”, and those whose practices are described as “harmful”.

While some may find it disappointing that even more advanced feedback and evaluation systems still result in the same outcome — a satisfactory rating for the majority of teachers — what MET has found is more nuanced and hopeful.

The MET data emphatically supports the conclusion that teaching practices matter and even small differences in practice are associated with small differences in student performance gains.

We estimated that if the teachers judged to be part of the 85 percent whose practice is described as “basic” or “proficient” raised their practice even minimally, nearly all students would receive instruction at or above the current system average.

It is not too optimistic to envision a system that supports teachers in continually improving their practice over time.

We know that teachers want better feedback. We know that teachers view their success in terms of their students’ success. Yet today, nearly all research shows the same trend – beginning teachers improve quickly in their initial years, but hit a plateau by their fourth or fifth year of practice.

Indeed, it is hard to improve what has not been adequately described or reliably measured. A good feedback and evaluation system clearly describes effective practices and how these practices are linked to student progress, for example. .

Of course, an ill-designed or poorly administered feedback and evaluation system will not serve teachers or their students well. Many districts and states have undertaken courageous work to re-envision these systems. The MET project is not an attempt to identify the “one best system;” rather, it provides research insights and guidance for both design and implementation.

MET examines how to combine multiple measures, including classroom observations, student surveys, and student-achievement gains to get a more holistic view of teaching. The value of a multiple measures system is not that there are more measures, but that the measures work together to describe the aspects of teaching most important to student performance in ways that any single measure could not. Improvement does not result from measurement, however, but from the actions of teachers and administrators who value continued improvement.

An evaluation system will support teachers and improve student outcomes if it is built upon an understanding of what practices lead to greater student success, an assessment of the state of current practice, a plan to support teacher growth, and a way for the system and individual teachers to track progress for all students.

©2012 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Texas School Shooting, Student Killed By Police, Create Stir In Community

The following article was found in the Huffington Post.  It is another stark reminder of how we must make appropriate decisions every day as Black and Brown males.  This is certainly a hostile society in which we live, and we have witnessed, time and again, the consequences of poor decision-making.  Read the article and reflect on how the events played out.  I look forward to reading what your thoughts are regarding this incident.

The Associated Press

BROWNSVILLE, Texas — The Rev. Jorge Gomez was counseling worried parents and frightened students late into the night the day police fatally shot an eighth-grader brandishing what appeared to be a handgun inside his South Texas school. The parents said their children weren’t eating, some were running fevers, and needed to talk to someone.

The death of 15-year-old Jaime Gonzalez has shaken this neighborhood along the U.S.-Mexico border, where parents already burdened by economic woes and street gangs are now faced with explaining the tragedy to their children.

Making it especially hard: It remains unclear to his parents and investigators why Jaime – a drum major who danced in his church’s annual religious festival, stayed out of gangs and had two parents who closely watched him – could swerve off course and bring a weapon to school. The weapon, police later determined, was a pellet gun.

Gomez, who officiated a wake Thursday night that drew hundreds of mourners to Holy Family Catholic Church, a block from the Gonzalez family home, said parents had called him seeking his guidance Wednesday.

“Probably the last (child) left at midnight,” Gomez said. “The parents are very concerned. How is this going to affect the community and their kids?”

Jaime was fatally shot in a hallway of Cummings Middle School during first period Wednesday, following frantic calls to police from school officials who, along with responding officers, believed the boy had a handgun. According to a recording of the emergency call, Jaime refused to drop the weapon.

Among the roughly 400 people at the Thursday night service was Delfina Cisneros, a teacher at nearby Longoria Elementary School. Standing in the back of the church with some of the school’s young students, she said she taught Jaime in fourth grade, when his family had just moved from the Houston area.

“The parents were trying their best,” she said, adding that Jaime was always respectful and polite. “Check out the neighborhood. That will tell you a lot.”

Norma Ponce, an assistant principal when Jaime attended Longoria, said many single-parent homes headed by working mothers are in the neighborhood, which is barely a mile from the main bridge connecting Brownsville to Matamoros, Mexico. Many children whose parents remain across the border in Mexico live here with guardians, she said.

Jaime never got into major trouble, Ponce said, and attributed his visits to her office to “mischievous” things for which he always apologized. She said his parents were supportive if called for any reason.

His parents have lamented police for their actions Wednesday, saying they could have taken non-lethal action. But there was broad agreement among law enforcement experts: If a suspect raises a weapon and refuses to put it down, officers are justified in shooting to kill.

Brownsville interim Police Chief Orlando Rodriguez defended his officers, saying the boy pointed the pellet gun – which was black and resembled a real gun – at police and repeatedly defied their commands to put it on the floor.

Rodriguez said the preliminary autopsy report showed the boy was shot twice in the torso. Family members initially thought he was shot in the back of the head, but that wound turned out to be a cut from a fall.

“It really doesn’t change anything at all,” his father, Jaime Gonzalez Sr., said after being told of the preliminary autopsy results at the vigil for his son. “If it is a wound from his fall, why shoot him at all? Wound him. Do something else. Use another method.”

In a recording released Thursday of the 911 call from the school, the assistant principal says a student in the hall has a gun, then reports that he is drawing the weapon and finally that he is running down the hall.

Police can be heard yelling: “Put the gun down! Put it on the floor!” In the background, someone else yells, “He’s saying that he is willing to die.”

Before police arrived, school administrators had urged Jaime to give up the gun. When officers got to the school, the boy was waiting for them, Rodriguez said.

Moments before he was killed, Jaime began to run down a hallway, but again faced officers. Police fired down the hallway – a distance that made a stun gun or other methods impractical, Rodriguez said.

If the situation had involved hostages or a gunman barricaded in a room, police might have tried negotiations. But instead, Rodriguez stressed, this was an armed student roaming the halls of a school.

The two officers who fired have been placed on administrative leave – standard procedure in police shootings. Rodriguez expected them back at work soon.

Jaime’s father has said he didn’t know where his son got the pellet gun. Police believed it was a gift, and a friend of the boy’s said Jaime told her that but she didn’t know who gave it to him.

The school was closed Thursday while police finished their crime-scene investigation. Students were bused instead to a new elementary school that was recently completed on the outskirts of Brownsville but had not yet been used.

District spokeswoman Drue Brown said 17 counselors were working with students and staff. Cummings has a student body of about 750, but only 200 students came to classes Thursday.

Before the church service began that night, dozens of children and teens in white shirts left the church and gathered outside. They chanted Jaime’s name and shouted that they loved him. Some sported tattoos, while others were clean cut. One girl who appeared older than the others yelled that if anyone spoke badly of Jaime, she would make them pay.

Gomez said some of the young people at the service were likely gang members, but said many teens in the neighborhood managed to stay out of gangs.

“I know the parents worry a lot to see their kids involved in violent activities, but I’m sure it’s not the only neighborhood in the city or in the Valley like this,” he said.